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University Libraries
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  • Faculty Open Access Resolution
  • Manga
  • Digital Preservation & Access
  • Digital Preservation Ethos @ University Libraries
  • Web Archiving Program
  • Metadata Initiatives
    • BICLM metadata for comic strips in DC
    • DC Data Dictionary
    • Embedded Metadata
    • Extended Date Time Format (EDTF)
    • Cartoon metadata for DC
    • DC Metadata Application Profile (MAP)
    • DC Requested Features - Hyrax vs. Hyku comparison
    • Metadata Requirements
    • Collections as Objects
    • Rights Metadata
    • AI-generated Alt-Text Workflow for new DC ingests
    • Claude Sonnet AI-generated Alt-Text Workflow
    • DC record sharing
    • Digital Collections How-To Information
    • DC: Workflow for MI to process AV records from Digitization
    • DC structure
    • DC Structure
    • DC Structure - Complicated
  • Master Objects Migration Project Plan
  • Current Initiatives
  • Digital Accessibility

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    Embedded Metadata

      Embedded Metadata

      Mar 28, 2023

      UPDATED: March 2023

      Metadata is a core component of digital objects. Some embedded metadata stores technical information that is necessary for applications, e.g. Adobe Photoshop, to open, edit, and save file(s). However, descriptive and rights information can also be embedded in some file types. OSUL follows the FADGI recommendations developed by the Smithsonian for embedding descriptive and rights information (http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/GuidelinesEmbeddedMetadata.pdf). (Note: If FADGI link to embedded guidelines does not work, the documentation can also be found on the Smithsonian website at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/9719.)  TIFF tags can be referenced via LOC's Sustainability of Digital Formats website (https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/content/tiff_tags.shtml). More details about embedded metadata tags can be found in the ExifTool website (https://exiftool.org/TagNames/index.html) and Exiv2 website (https://www.exiv2.org/metadata.html). There are fewer embedded metadata fields for PDFs; exiftool provides a list (https://exiftool.org/TagNames/PDF.html).

      At OSUL, embedded metadata is viewed and edited with ExifTool (https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/), Adobe Bridge, and Adobe Photoshop.

      Embedded Metadata for Still Images

      In collaboration with Preservation & Digitization and the Digital Preservation Librarian, Metadata Initiatives ensures that essential embedded metadata is recorded in digital still images for ingest to DC. This site has a useful analogy regarding the types of metadata embedded in image files (https://www.photometadata.org/META-101-metadata-types).

      Resources:

      • Embedded Metadata Template (download)
      • Embedded Image and PDF Metadata, Digital Rice Projects
      • Car Library Project: ExifTool - Reading and Writing Embedded Metadata

      Adobe products

      Depending on whether you use Adobe Bridge or Photoshop, the embedded metadata will be visible in different sections. The table below explains the differences.

      In Adobe Bridge, use the Metadata panel to view metadata for a specific file or a group of files. In Adobe Photoshop, open the specific file and go to File > File Info to view and edit embedded metadata in digital images.

      Note: Sometimes Adobe products embeds the same metadata in multiple fields - see mapping to ExifTool. That duplication is not necessary.


      Errors & Corrections - March 2023: The embedded metadata template has an error. It erroneously maps Source values to the tag by-line. The by-line tag has consequently been removed from the table below.


      Adobe Bridge

      Section & Field Name

      Adobe Photoshop

      Section & Field Name

      ExifTool Tag

      XMP TagsExampleEntryEmbeds in PDF?Explanation / Notes

      File

      Properties

      Filenamen/an/aFileName
      d_19745.tifauto-populate

      Document TypeBasicFormatFormat<dc:format>

      TIFF Image (in Bridge)

      image/tiff (in Photoshop and ExifTool)

      auto-populate

      Date CreatedBasicCreation Date

      DateTimeCreated

      ------------

      dateTimeOriginal

      <xmp:CreateDate>

      ---------

      <exif:DateTimeOriginal>

      5/13/2019, 2:09:33 PMauto-populate

      File Sizen/an/aFileSize
      134.31 MBauto-populate

      DimensionsCamera DataImage Size

      ImageSize

      ExifImageWidth/ExifImageHeight and ImageHeight/ImageWidth (for separate values)


      11334 x 4141


      auto-populate
      Dimensions of digital image.
      Dimensions (in inches)n/an/a

      18.9" x 6.9"auto-populate
      This is useful to compare the size of the digital object as it represents the original object. Ideally, this measurement should accurately reflect original object. If it does not, consult Preservation & Digitization for guidance.
      ResolutionCamera DataResolution

      600 ppiauto-populate

      Bit Depthn/an/a - Go to Image > Mode.

      BitsPerSample

      <tiff:BitsPerSample><rdf:Seq><rdf:li>

      8auto-populate
      Values displayed differently between platforms.
      Color Moden/an/a - Go to Image > Mode.ColorSpaceData
      RGBauto-populate
      As per Preservation & Digitization, still images intended for DC should be digitized to RGB.
      Color Profilen/an/a - Go to Edit > Assign Profile.ProfileDescription
      Adobe RGB (1998)?
      As per Preservation & Digitization, digitized still images should conform to Adobe RGB (1998) color profile.




      ICCProfileName<photoshop:ICCProfile>Adobe RGB (1998)?
      There is a documented issue with how ExifTool reads color info. For ColorSpace, sRGB is the value 1 and Adobe RGB is the value 2. However, ExifTool will display anything other than 1 as "Uncalibrated" for the ColorSpace field. Amy McCrory recommends referring to the ICCProfileName to verify that "Adobe RGB (1998)" is the value.
      IPTC CoreCreatorIPTCCreator

      creator

      artist

      <dc:creator><rdf:Seq>
      <rdf:li>

      BICLM, Ohio State UniversitymanualYes - both exif tags

      OSUL unit that created the digital object, e.g. "Preservation & Digitization, Ohio State University".

      Notes:

      • Due to 32-character limit (with spaces) in this field, unit may need to be abbreviated.
      • Adobe products typically change commas into semi-colons in this field.
      • In Adobe Photoshop, this field also populates Basic: Author.
      Date CreatedDate Created

      createDate

      dateTimeOriginal


      5/13/2019, 2:09:33 PMauto-populateauto-populate

      The capture device, e.g. scanner, digital camera, should automatically record the date and time.

      Note: In Photoshop, this field also populates Origin: Date Created.

      TitleBasicDocument Title

      objectName

      title

      <dc:title><rdf:Alt><rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">

      d_19745manualYes - title exif tagIdentifier(s) for digital image and/or original object, e.g. call number. 64-character limit (with spaces) in this field.
      SourceIPTCSource

      source


      <photoshop:Source>BICLM, Ohio State UniversitymanualYes - source exif tag

      OSUL unit that owns or manages the digital object and/or analog object.

      Note: Due to 32-character limit (with spaces) in this field, unit may need to be abbreviated. 

      Copyright NoticeCopyright Notice

      rights

      copyrightNotice

      copyright

      <dc:rights><rdf:Alt>
      <rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">

      http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/manualYes - rights and copyright exif tagsRights statement provided by Copyright Services for DC record. 128-character limit (with spaces)in this field.
      Copyright StatusBasicCopyright Status

      copyrightFlag

      marked


      CopyrightedmanualYes - "TRUE" for copyrighted; "FALSE" for public domain

      Drop-down options: Copyrighted, Public Domain, Unknown.

      Choose "Unknown" if copyright status is complicated.

      Rights Usage TermsIPTCRights Usage TermsusageTerms

      <xmpRights:UsageTerms><rdf:Alt><rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">

      This item, made available for research and educational purposes, may be protected by copyright; the user is responsible for making a final determination of copyright status.manual

      Yes


      Rights note provided by Copyright Services for DC record.
      Camera Data (Exif)

      MakeCamera Data

      MakeMake<tiff:Make>Better Light?
      Ideally, the capture device, e.g. digital camera, scanner, should automatically populate this information. If it does not, it will need to be added. While some applications refer to this as camera make, the field has traditionally be used for the scanner manufacturer as well.
      ModelModelModel<tiff:Model>Model Super8k?
      Ideally, the capture device, e.g. digital camera, scanner, should automatically populate this information. If it does not, it will need to be added. While some applications refer to this as camera make, the field has traditionally be used for the scanner model as well.
      , multiple selections available,

      Logo of The Ohio State University

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